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Number Theory

The majority of articles in this section are original work, and perhaps the most inventive ones would be the first two articles. Articles 1 introduces a new formulation to find the “exact count” for the cardinality 𝝁 in the celebrated Gauss’s Lemma on Quadratic Residues. Article 2 presents an analytical geometric interpretation of 𝝁 as the number of certain points lying on a specific trapezoid on the first quadrant of a Cartesian system in terms of the prime number p involved in Gauss’s Lemma. Indeed, the geometric interpretation in the second article implies an easier proof of the formulation of the exact count for 𝝁, concluded analytically in the first article. Other notable articles might be Articles 4 to 9 presenting (mostly new) concrete Modular Arithmetic formulas regarding quadratic residues.

  • 1. The Exact Count for Gauss's Cardinality "μ" in His Celebrated Lemma 
  • 2. Geometric Interpretation of Cardinality "μ" in Gauss's Lemma
  • 3. Certain Quadratic Residues for Prime Numbers
  • 4. Surprising Conclusions on Cubic Residues for Prime Numbers 
  • 5. Dual Transition Between Quadratic and Cubic Residues
  • 6. Solutions of the Congruences X^2 + Y^2 ≡ 0 (mod p),  X^2 - Y^2 ≡ 0 (mod p), and X^4 - Y^4 ≡ 0 (mod p) for a Prime Number p 
  • 7. Solutions of the Congruences X^3 + Y^3 ≡ 0 (mod p),  X^3 - Y^3 ≡ 0 (mod p), and X^6 - Y^6 ≡ 0 (mod p) for a Prime Number p
  • 8. Canonical Solutions to Chinese Remainder Theorem, and Its Extensions
  • 9. The "Games of 27 & 495," and Mysterious "6174"
  • 10. The Proof of Kaperkar's Game 
  • 11. Kaprekar’s Game for Two and Five Digit Numbers
  • 12. The Lookalike Games of 61974
  • 13. On Quadratic Mean of Positive Integers
  • 14. On Sums of Squares of Consecutive Positive Integers
  • 15. A Sequence of Twin Composite Numbers
  • 16. Certain Quadratic Residues for Prime Numbers
  • 17. Binomial Expansion for Negative Powers
  • 18. Binomial Expansion for Reciprocal Powers
  • 19. Pythagorean Triangles, Pythagorean Twins
  • 20. Simultaneous Divisibility by 7, 11, and 13
  • 21. The Mango Problem
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